Calsep has almost 30 years of experience in modeling gas hydrate formation. This accumulated expert knowledge is applied to all hydrate studies carried out by Calsep consultants.
This extensive experience allows Calsep to accurately simulate hydrate formation conditions in gas, oil, and condensate mixtures. Hydrate inhibition by salts and liquid inhibitors as well as loss of inhibitor to hydrocarbon phases are accurately accounted for.
Calsep undertakes evaluations of the hydrate potential for whole pipeline systems, taking into account the pressure drop and heat exchange with the surroundings. The worst-case-scenario hydrate potential can be evaluated under normal operation, shutdown, and start-up.
The hydrate model was developed and published by Calsep in the late 1980s. Calsep has further published a number of papers about the loss of hydrate inhibitor to hydrocarbon phases. All publications appear in peer-reviewed journals - a hallmark of all Calsep models.
The hydrate model accounts for hydrate structures I, II, and H as well as hydrocarbon and aqueous phases, solid salt phases, and ice. Calsep has verified the hydrate model using all published experimental data, including data with up to 50 weight percent liquid inhibitor and saturated salt solutions.
Hydrate growth kinetics in multiphase flow lines is the most recent extension of the consulting services provided by Calsep.
The hydrate kinetics model is rigorous and fully compositional. It is implemented in a pipeline flow simulator that besides hydrate growth rate accounts for pressure drop, heat exchange, hydrate formation heat, slurry viscosity and flow patterns.
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